Which question assesses a patient's living situation?

Asking whether a patient lives alone directly assesses their living situation, providing insight into their support system and potential social isolation. This information is crucial for understanding the patient's overall well-being and the resources available to them, which can impact their health and mobility.

In contrast, inquiring about a family doctor or pets may provide relevant health information or contribute to the understanding of a patient's lifestyle, but they do not specifically address the living environment. Questions about allergies, while important for medical assessments, are unrelated to the context of living arrangements. Therefore, the question about living alone is the most effective in evaluating the patient's living circumstances and associated implications for their care.